A resolução de problemas através de projetos: possibilidades e limitações

by Cavalcante César, Francisca Raquel

This research has as main theme a teaching turned towards the development of the thought, by means of the solving of problems with projects, based on the theory of L.S.Vygotsky. It was developed withinthe knoeledge and Education theme, im the research Process and Pedagogical-didactic process, from PPGE/ME at FURB. This study isjustified by the fact of it may give subsidy to the educators in order to make possible to the school a differentiated performance in social context, as also to understand thesolving of problems as conception of education, a tool for the apprenticeship construction in all fields of knowledge, and not only as teaching technique. The entailment between thinking and to solve problems starts from the Vygotsky evidencethat all thinking is turned to the solution of a problem. From this, the concepts of Zone of Proximal Development, formation of concepts and relationship between scientific anddaily concepts are developed. This research was performed in three public schools, for two years, being two at Blumenau and one at Indaial, with participation of nearly 350students and 10 teachers. All these institutions take care of poor people and possess scarce resources to the development of scientific works. It was verified that the workperformed with projects favors the solving of problems even having difficulties in the process of give features of problem. In a first moment, the teacher while mediator is inthe contingency of propose to the students problem-situations to be worked. Even so, it is possible to achieve a satisfactory degree of results in terms of the behavior of theinvolved people in the situations once, in the intensification of the interactions between the pairs, it occurs, in this manner, higher level of co-operation in the apprenticeship. Agreat enough difficulty was verified in the implementation of interdisciplinary projects. In the whole, the participants, being those teachers or students, manifested satisfaction bythe obtained results whether in the knowledge of the subject or in the capability of give features of problem and in the social interaction