Studien zur Beeinflussung Bindegewebe-abbauender Proteasen durch Basidiomyceten-Extrakte und deren Inhaltsstoffe unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Fraktion freier Fettsäuren

by Rennert, Beate

In the present paper it was established that the activity of humane neutrophil elastase (EC 3.4.21.37) is affected by aqueous and dichloromethane extracts of 15 basidiomycetes. Bioassay-guided fractionation (repeated CC, GC-MS) of dichloromethane extracts of Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. and Lactarius deterrimus Grög. led to isolation and identification of fractions of free fatty acids as one active principle of elastase inhibition as well as collagenase inhibition (Clostridium histolyticum collagenase, EC 3.4.24.3). By testing 17 free fatty acids for elastase inhibition it was shown that the inhibition rate of unsaturated acids was much higher than the rate of the saturated ones: oleic acid (C18:1 cis-9): IC50 5µM; stearic acid (C18:0), linoleic acid (C18:2 cis-9,12): IC50 10µM; linolenic acid (C18:3 cis-9,12,15), gamma-linolenic acid (C18:3 cis-6,9,12): IC50 15µM. The highly active erucic acid with an IC50 value of 450nM is remarkable. As a result for collagenase we can assume that the saturated fatty acids were more potent than the unsaturated ones. Palmitic acid (C16:0), heptadecanoic acid (C17:0), stearic acid, and nonadecanoic acid (C19:0) were the most potent fatty acids with IC50 values of 20-45µM. 9 selected fatty acids were investigated for their ability to inhibit the activity of MMP-9 (EC 3.4.24.35). Palmitoleic acid (16:1 cis-9), linolenic acid, and gamma-linolenic acid were the most potent fatty acids but their inhibiting concentrations were very high (250µM). Investigation of cytotoxicity of the extracts of H. annosum, L. deterrimus, and free fatty acids as well as investigation of protease activity of ECV-304, MCF-7, and MDA-MB 231 cells followed. Protease activity of cells increased in the following manner: ECV-304 < MCF-7 < MDA-MB 231. The only investigated fatty acid gamma-linolenic acid did not influence protease activity reproducibly.