Politik als Naturlehre zur Organologiemetapher in den politischen Philosophien des Vorma?rz ; eine historische Diskursanalyse

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With its specific interest in the organology metaphor this study creates a new way of understanding political ideas of the first half of the 19th century. It points out that the comparision of state and society with a living body is not only a stylistic pattern but a collectively shared fundamental mentality that influenced the political philosophy of the beginning modern age. This is shown by a synchronic analysis of essential and fundamental texts of the six important political movements of the first half of the 19th century – Communism, the democratic and the women’s movement, Liberalism, Conservatism and the political Catholicism. All political philosophies use the demiurgic power of the organology metaphor to design world, state and society in a way that they appear as organisms, which are propelled in their development by hardly influencable natural powers. Likewise all philosophies mould the organisation of state and society according to the pattern of a living organism, in which the whole body and its parts mutually depend on each other. By supposing different natural forces working in men and women also the sexes are positioned differently in the collective body. This study first presents these common uses of the organology metaphor through all political movements and the fundamental mentality of the beginning modern age shown by these. After that it focusses on the specific uses of the organology metaphor and their implications in each text.